Atomic structure

Bohr’s atomic model, Sommerfeld’s extension of atomic structure. Electronic configuration and Quantum numbers, shapes of s,p,d,f orbitals, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s Rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau principle. Emission spectrum, absorption spectrum, line spectra and band spectra; Hydrogen spectrum – Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett and Pfund series; de Broglie’s theory; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle – wave nature of electron – Schrodinger wave equation (no derivation). Eigen values and Eigen functions. Hybridization of atomic orbitals involving s,p,d orbitals.

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Coordination chemistry and solid state chemistry

Terminology in coordination chemistry, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Isomerism, Geometrical isomerism in 4-coordinate, 6-coordinate complexes. Theories on coordination compounds: Werner’s theory (brief), Valence Bond theory. Uses of coordination compounds. Bioinorganic compounds (Hemoglobin and chlorophyll).

Lattice – unit cell, systems, types of crystals, packing in solids. Ionic crystals, imperfections in Solids and point defects. X-Ray diffraction, electrical property and amorphous solids (elementary ideas only).

p, d and f – block elements

P block elements – Phosphorous compounds. PCl3, PCl5 – Oxides. Hydrogen halides, Inter halogen compounds. Xenon fluoride compounds. General Characteristics of d – block elements. Electronic Configuration, oxidation states of first row transition elements and their colors. Occurrence and principles of extraction: Copper, Silver, Gold and Zinc.

Preparation, properties of CuSO4, AgNO3 and K2Cr2O7.

Lanthanides – Introduction, electronic configuration, general characteristics, oxidation state – lanthanide contraction, uses, brief comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides.

Isomerism in organic compounds 

Definition, classification, structural isomerism, stereo isomerism, geometrical and optical isomerism. Optical activity, chirality, compounds containing chiral centers, R – S notation and D – L notation.

Thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetics

I and II law of thermodynamics, spontaneous and non spontaneous processes, entropy, Gibb’s free energy. Free energy change and chemical equilibrium. Significance of entropy.

Law of mass action – Le Chatelier’s principle, applications of chemical equilibrium. Rate expression, order and molecularity of reactions, zero order, first order and pseudo first reaction – half life period. Determination of rate constant and order of reaction temperature dependence of rate constant – Arrhenius equation and activation energy.

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Electrochemistry

Theory of electrical conductance. Metallic and electrolytic conductance. Faraday’s laws, theory of strong electrolytes. Specific resistance, specific conductance, equivalent and molar

Conductance. Variation of conductance with dilution, Kohlrausch’s law, ionic product of water, pH and pOH – buffer solutions – use of pH values. Cells: electrodes and electrode potentials, construction of cell and EMF values, fuel cells, corrosion and its prevention.

Alcohols and ethers

Nomenclature of alcohols, classification of alcohols, distinction between 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ alcohols. General methods of preparation of primary alcohols, properties. Methods of preparation of dihydric alcohols: glycol properties and uses. Methods of preparation of trihydric alcohols: properties and uses. Aromatic alcohols: preparation and properties of phenols and benzyl alcohol.

Ethers, nomenclature of ethers, general methods of preparation of aliphatic ethers: properties and uses. Aromatic ethers, preparation of Anisole and uses.

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives

Nomenclature, preparation of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, formic acid: properties and uses. Monohydroxy mono carboxylic acids, lactic acid, synthesis of lactic acid. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, preparation of oxalic and succinic acid. Aromatic acids; benzoic and salicylic acid: properties and uses. Derivatives of carboxylic acids; acetyl chloride (CH3COCl), preparation, properties and uses. Preparation of acetamide. Properties, acetic anhydride, preparation, properties. Preparation of esters, methyl acetate, properties.

Carbonyl compounds

Nomenclature of carbonyl compounds, comparison of aldehydes and ketones. General methods of preparation of aldehydes: properties and uses. Aromatic aldehydes: preparation of benzaldehyde, properties and sses. Ketones: general methods of preparation of aliphatic ketones (acetone), properties and uses. Aromatic ketones, preparation of acetophenone: properties and uses. Preparation of benzophenone: properties. Name reactions, Clemmensen reduction, Wolff-Kishner reduction, Cannizaro reaction, Claisen Schmidt reaction, Benzoin Condensation, aldol Condensation. Preparation and applications of Grignard reagents.

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Organic nitrogen compounds

Aliphatic nitro compounds, preparation of aliphatic nitroalkanes, properties, uses.

Aromatic nitro compounds, preparation, properties and uses. Distinction between aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds. Amines, aliphatic amines, general methods of preparation, properties. Distinction between 10, 20 and 30 amines. Aromatic amines, synthesis of benzylamine. Aniline preparation, properties and uses. Distinction between aliphatic and aromatic amine. Aliphatic nitriles: preparation, properties and uses. Diazonium salts, preparation of benzene diazonium chloride and properties.

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: distinction between sugars and non sugars, structure and formulae of glucose, fructose and sucrose, with their linkages, invert sugar – definition and examples of polysaccharides, amino acids and peptides.